Keywords
fatty acid butyl esters, fatty acids esterification, fatty acids triglycerides transesterification, process technological parameters.
How to Cite
Zubenko , S., & Patrylak, L. (2020). Methods of fatty acid butyl esters synthesis: present and prospects. Catalysis and Petrochemistry, (29), 11-23. https://doi.org/10.15407/kataliz2020.29.011
Abstract
Nowadays butyl esters of fatty acids already have wide practical use in a number of industries. They are considered as promising biodiesel as well as a component of jet fuel. Therefore, the aim of this work was to systematize the available information on existing industrial and laboratory methods for synthesis of butyl esters of fatty acids, depending on the type of feedstock and catalyst used. Now the main raw materials for the industrial production of butyl ethers are fatty acids and butanol, while la-boratory methods also involve triglycerides of oils or fats. Comparison of the transesterification of tri-glycerides on alkaline and acidic catalysts showed that the advantages of alkaline catalysts are, firstly, the possibility of carrying out the process at temperatures close to room temperature with obtaining high yields of esters, whereas acidic catalysts require high temperatures, and secondly, the rate of al-kaline transesterification is significantly higher, which reduces the duration of the process to several minutes. The advantage of using more active alkali metal alcoholates is to obtain high yields at ambient temperatures. The use of butylate rather than potassium methylate looks promising, which makes pos-sible to obtain pure butyl ethers without methyl impurities and promotes the separation of products. Carrying out acid esterification on the first stage of triglyceride conversion is advisable only in the case of a high content of free fatty acids. Triglycerides with a free fatty acid content of up to 3% can be effectively transesterified with butanol on potassium butylate.
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